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Gnaeus Julius Agricola
Gnaeus Julius Agricola (; 13 June 40 – 23 August 93) was a Gallo-Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain. Written by his son-in-law Tacitus, the ''De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae'' is the primary source for most of what is known about him,〔Tacitus, ''Agricola''; Dio Cassius ((''Roman History'' 66.20 )) and three inscriptions found in Britain (including the Verulamium Forum inscription) also make reference to Agricola.〕 along with detailed archaeological evidence from northern Britain.〔Hanson, W.S. (1991), ''Agricola and the conquest of the north'' (2nd edn), London: Batsford.〕
Agricola began his military career in Britain, serving under governor Gaius Suetonius Paulinus. His subsequent career saw him serve in a variety of positions; he was appointed quaestor in Asia province in 64, then Plebeian Tribune in 66, and praetor in 68. He supported Vespasian during the Year of the Four Emperors (69), and was given a military command in Britain when the latter became emperor. When his command ended in 73, he was made patrician in Rome and appointed governor of Gallia Aquitania. He was made consul and governor of Britannia in 77. While there, he completed the conquest of what is now Wales and northern England, and led his army to the far north of Scotland, establishing forts across much of the Lowlands. He was recalled from Britain in 85 after an unusually lengthy service, and thereafter retired from military and public life.
==Early life==
Agricola was born in the ''colonia'' of Forum Julii, Gallia Narbonensis (now Fréjus, France). Agricola's parents were from noted Gallo-Roman political families of senatorial rank, his ancestors were Romanised Gauls of local origin.〔On Agricola's life and career, see A.R. Birley, ''The Roman Government of Britain'' (Oxford, 2005), pp. 71-95, with further references.〕 Both of his grandfathers served as imperial governors. His father, Lucius Julius Graecinus, was a ''praetor'' and had become a member of the Roman Senate in the year of his birth. Graecinus had become distinguished by his interest in philosophy. Between August 40 and January 41, the Roman Emperor Caligula ordered his death because he refused to prosecute the Emperor's second cousin Marcus Junius Silanus.
His mother was Julia Procilla. The Roman historian Tacitus describes her as "a lady of singular virtue". Tacitus states that Procilla had a fond affection for her son. Agricola was educated in Massilia (Marseille), and showed what was considered an unhealthy interest in philosophy.
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